The "civilizing" of the far north of Scotland, 1560-1640

This thesis explores the' civilizing' of the far north of Scotland - defined as the shires of Ross, Sutherland, and Caithness as well as the Outer Hebrides - between 1560 and 1640. 'Civilizing' was part of the broader concept of State formation and integration. The thesis begins with an examination of the context for the relationships between these outlying territories and communities and the institutional authorities in Edinburgh and London, which identifies the multipolarity of power in its location and sources and disentangles the dynamics of clan interaction. It unravels a 'civilizing' model which mixes top-down institutional pressures and discipline and bottom-up self-regulating forces by means of agency and intra- peripheral means and factors. The study then elaborates a typology of clan violence and qualifies the high level of violence traditionally ascribed to Gaeldom. The fourth section delineates legislative and executive measures to remove, control, or channel the excesses of clan violence and underlines the cooperation between the centre and the periphery. The next section analyses the relationships of the far-northern society with the Church. Through social discipline, the Church's 'civilizing' efforts complemented those of the State. A more complex and hybrid faith developed in the locality with an element of individual liberty and the hierarchization of priorities. The [mal chapter disentangles the cultural web of the far- northern image and identity of the so-called barbarians. Central institutions activated this template to justify their actions. The far northerners did so, mutatis mutandis, to adjust their business with the central authorities and to suit their local needs. Besides, cultural fragmentation shatters the view of the area as a monobloc. An active participation of the clan elite in cultural production and consumption uncovers their integration into the wider Scottish and British society and an engagement of a number of far northerners with 'civility'.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo